Wednesday, January 14, 2015

Flawed and Biased Research



The Drug$ Must be Approved before they can be Marketed

Big Pharma wants to get new medicines on the market as quickly as possible.  Time equals money and the less time spent in pre-approval clinical trials, the better.  They are not above “loading the deck” to suit their agenda. 

Simply put, financial deals influence NIH judgments about grants, research priorities and the interpretation of research results.  Some NIH scientists make hundreds of thousands of dollars in consulting fees and more in stock options.  This is on top of a nice six figure salary.  NIH does not require most senior scientists to file public disclosures of their outside income.  The pay scales were arranged to keep highly paid scientists in a lower salary range category on paper so they would not have to disclose conflicts of interest. Researchers with industry connections will more likely favor company products.  That is the way of the world.

Spin Doctoring
Industry funded research clearly trumps studies funded by nonprofit organizations.  Bias is built into placebo controlled clinical trials.  These studies, in reality, conclude that a new product is better than nothing!  A better test would be to find out if a new product is better than what is already on the market.  In many cases, it is not.

Another way to rig the results is to use young subjects in trials even though the drugs will be used in older people.  Younger people generally experience fewer side effects and so the drugs look safer in trials than they would in actual practice.

Another trick is to compare the new drug with an old drug given at too low a dose.  This trick is used with many NSAIDS and even statins.  These trials may also administer the old drug incorrectly.

Trials can be too brief to be meaningful.  Long term use would tell a more accurate story but big pharma doesn’t want to uncover those kinds of facts.  Furthermore, a drug can actually do a person good for a short time but long-term use could be harmful.

It is not uncommon to present only part of the data – the data that makes the drug look good – while ignoring the rest.   

Pharmica did this with Celebrex.  The rigged trials concluded that Celebrex caused fewer side effects than two older arthritis drugs.  All this research was published along with a favorable editorial in JAMA. (The Journal of American Medical Association)  The published article was based on the first six months of a year long trial.  After the entire trial was analyzed, it was clear that there was no advantage to Celebrex.   

It is easy to suppress negative results in privately run trials but can also be done at academic centers.  Companies contract with researchers for large investments of money and they expect favorable results.  Some researchers blow the whistle on unethical sponsors but many just go along.  Over the years, corporate contracts give companies the ultimate control over such research.

How it Works: If at first you don't succeed.....
Though the original clinical trials on Remune (an HIV/AIDS drug) proved that the vaccine was worthless, Big Pharma plans to test it again on children!

Remune Studies Dropped - 2001

Effectiveness of Remune – University of California

Churdboonchart et al. paint an impressive picture of the effects of Remune on CD4 cell count in HIV-infected subjects. However, as individuals who were closely involved in the study, we believe that the paper presents a misleading account of the study results and a distorted view of the beneficial effects of Remune in this population.

In 1996, Immune Response Corporation contracted with Dr. James O.Kahn – University of California at San Francisco and Dr. Stephen W. Lagakos of the Harvard School of Public Health to conduct a multicenter trial of its drug Remune.  The drug was supposed to slow the progression of AIDS by boosting the immune system.  The company was seeking FDA approval to market the drug as a vaccine.  The trial was carried out on 2500 HIV-infected patients at 77 medical centers.  After three years, it was clear that Remune was not effective.  Immune Response Corporation objected to these negative results and wanted to manipulate the information to support their drug approval.  The researchers refused and stated that the company’s analysis was not in accord with scientific standards.

How many times is this scenario repeated during the course of obtaining approval for drugs that may or may not work?  For drugs that have more harmful side effects than health benefits?   You cannot watch American TV without seeing at least one drug commercial in 30 minutes or less.  The possible side effects are plainly given to the viewer and anyone with just a bit of common sense would conclude they’d rather be sick than risk those side effects!   It has become a joke but it is not funny.  The public is so bombarded with this type of information that  they become immune to it and no longer take it seriously.  The result?  They buy the drugs anyway.

Corporate Disclosure
WA drug company is required to submit results from every one of the clinical trials it has sponsored when it applies to the FDA for approval of a new drug.  IT IS NOT REQUIRED TO PUBLISH THEM.

The FDA approves drugs on the basis of minimal evidence.  They require that the drug work better than a placebo in two clinical trials.  If it doesn’t work better in other trials – those are simply suppressed and ignored.

Drug companies will publish only positive results and the FDA has no control over such selective publishing.

For example, in the case of SSRI drugs – Zoloft, Paxil, Prozac and Celexa et al, the clinical trials lasted just six weeks.  It turns out that placebos were 80% effective as the drugs. (IMO, maybe more so!)

There are a number of pdf papers at this site for more information.

SOP – Business as Usual
Even if Big Pharma was to stumble upon the miracle drug of the century, how would we ever know?  They have little, if any, credibility and are like the boy who cried “wolf” too often.  They are unethical and use every trick in the book, every legal loophole and every manipulation they can think of to push their drugs onto trusting doctors and patients.  Buyer Beware!!!!

Further Research and Reading

NIH Conflicts of Interest Policies

Reporting Allegations of Conflicts of Interest


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